Table 1 Sample characteristics and age-adjusted prevalence of health and disability indicators by gender and level of education in 1994 and 2010-2014. Individuals aged 55-plus
From: Educational attainment, gender and health inequalities among older adults in Catalonia (Spain)
Men | Women | ||||||||
Low educated | Medium and High educated | Low educated | Medium and High educated | ||||||
Prev. | CI 95 % | Prev. | CI 95 % | Prev. | CI 95 % | Prev. | CI 95 % | ||
1994 | TOTAL | 88.6 | (87.2; 90.0) | 11.4 | (10.0; 12.8) | 94.4 | (93.5; 95.3) | 5.6 | (4.7; 6.5) |
Married | 83.1 | (81.3; 84.9) | 85.0 | (80.4; 89.6) | 58.5 | (56.5; 60.5) | 55.2 | (46.9; 63.5) | |
Occupation | |||||||||
Employed | 20.6 | (18.7; 22.5) | 35.4 | (29.2; 41.6) | 6.7 | (5.7; 7.7) | 31.4 | (23.7; 39.1) | |
Unemployed | 4.6 | (3.6; 5.6) | 3.6 | (1.2; 6.0) | 1.1 | (0.7; 1.5) | 0.0 | - | |
Inactive | 74.8 | (72.8; 76.8) | 61.0 | (54.7; 67.3) | 92.3 | (91.2; 93.4) | 68.6 | (60.9; 76.3) | |
Health behaviours | |||||||||
Current smoker | 25.9 | (23.8; 28.0) | 29.4 | (23.5; 35.3) | 1.4 | (0.9; 1.9) | 5.5 | (1.7; 9.3) | |
Past Smoker | 42.8 | (40.5; 45.1) | 41.5 | (35.1; 47.9) | 1.5 | (1.0; 2.0) | 10.5 | (5.4; 15.6) | |
Drinking | 5.2 | (4.2; 6.2) | 3.3 | (1.0; 5.6) | 1.7 | (1.2; 2.2) | 4.7 | (1.2; 8.2) | |
Sedentary lifestyle | 24.1 | (22.1; 26.1) | 35.0 | (28.8; 41.2) | 30.7 | (28.8; 32.6) | 21.4 | (14.6; 28.2) | |
Double health coverage | 15.0 | (13.3; 16.7) | 45.5 | (39.0; 52.0) | 16.5 | (15.0; 18.0) | 38.4 | (30.3; 46.5) | |
Health and disability | |||||||||
Poor self-perceived health | 43.9 | (41.6; 46.2) | 24.2 | (18.6; 29.8) | 56.3 | (54.3; 58.3) | 31.8 | (24.0; 39.6) | |
Functional limitations | 26.9 | (24.8; 29.0) | 15.7 | (11.0; 20.4) | 37.8 | (35.8; 39.8) | 18.1 | (11.7; 24.5) | |
ADL limitations | 3.9 | (3.0; 4.8) | 1.9 | (0.1; 3.7) | 4.9 | (4.0; 5.8) | 3.5 | (0.4; 6.6) | |
Sample size, N | 1746 | - | 227 | - | 2335 | - | 138 | - | |
Men | Women | ||||||||
Low educated | Medium and High educated | Low educated | Medium and High educated | ||||||
Prev. | CI 95 % | Prev. | CI 95 % | Prev. | CI 95 % | Prev. | CI 95 % | ||
2010-2014 | TOTAL | 66.8 | (65.1; 68.5) | 33.2 | (31.5; 34.9) | 76.6 | (75.1; 78.1) | 23.4 | (21.9; 24.9) |
Married | 78.6 | (76.7; 80.5) | 79.2 | (76.6; 81.8) | 54.2 | (52.2; 56.2) | 62.0 | (58.4; 65.6) | |
Occupation | |||||||||
Employed | 16.3 | (14.6; 18.0) | 37.6 | (34.5; 40.7) | 11.1 | (9.8; 12.4) | 34.0 | (30.5; 37.5) | |
Unemployed | 4.9 | (3.9; 5.9) | 5.7 | (4.2; 7.2) | 3.4 | (2.7; 4.1) | 5.0 | (3.4; 6.6) | |
Inactive | 78.8 | (76.9; 80.7) | 56.6 | (53.4; 59.8) | 85.5 | (84.1; 86.9) | 61.0 | (57.4; 64.6) | |
Health behaviours | |||||||||
Current smoker | 19.8 | (18.0; 21.6) | 22.1 | (19.4; 24.8) | 6.1 | (5.1; 7.1) | 14.4 | (11.8; 17.0) | |
Past Smoker | 43.6 | (41.4; 45.8) | 41.7 | (38.5; 44.9) | 6.8 | (5.8; 7.8) | 21.5 | (18.5; 24.5) | |
Drinking | 3.9 | (3.0; 4.8) | 2.0 | (1.1; 2.9) | 0.7 | (0.4; 1.0) | 1.3 | (0.5; 2.1) | |
Sedentary lifestyle | 29.8 | (27.7; 31.9) | 32.9 | (29.9; 35.9) | 33.3 | (31.4; 35.2) | 29.3 | (25.9; 32.7) | |
Double health coverage | 14.6 | (13.0; 16.2) | 37.5 | (34.4; 40.6) | 14.0 | (12.6; 15.4) | 40.3 | (36.7; 43.9) | |
Health and disability | |||||||||
Poor self-perceived health | 41.1 | (38.9; 43.3) | 27.2 | (24.4; 30.0) | 50.6 | (48.6; 52.6) | 31.1 | (27.7; 34.5) | |
Functional limitations | 36.1 | (33.9; 38.3) | 21.3 | (18.7; 23.9) | 41.4 | (39.4; 43.4) | 22.0 | (18.9; 25.1) | |
ADL limitations | 10.2 | (8.8; 11.6) | 4.8 | (3.4; 6.2) | 13.8 | (12.4; 15.2) | 4.7 | (3.1; 6.3) | |
Sample size. N | 1873 | - | 941 | - | 2343 | - | 704 | - | |